Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: Positive affective responses can lead to improved adherence to exercise. This study sought to\nexamine the affective responses and exercise intensity of self-selected exercise in adolescent girls.\nMethods: An observational study where twenty seven females (Age M = 14.6 �± 0.8 years) completed three\n20-minute exercise sessions (2 self-selected and 1 prescribed intensity) and a graded exercise test. The intensity of\nthe prescribed session was matched to the first self-selected session. Intensity, affective responses and ratings of\nperceived exertion were recorded throughout the sessions and differences examined. Repeated measures ANOVAs\nwere conducted to examine differences.\nResults: There were no significant differences in intensity between the prescribed and self-selected sessions, but\naffective responses were significantly more positive (p < .01) during the self-selected session. Ratings of perceived\nexertion were significantly lower (p < .01) during the self-selected session than the prescribed session. On average\nparticipants worked at 72% _V O2 peak; well within the intensity recommended by the American College of Sports\nMedicine.\nConclusion: Even though the intensity did not differ between the self-selected and prescribed sessions, there was\na significant impact on affective responses, with more positive affective responses being elicited in the self-selected\nsession. This highlights the importance of autonomy and self-paced exercise for affective responses and may have\npotential long-term implications for adherence....
Background: Rugby union players can take several days to fully recover from competition. Muscle damage induced\nduring the match has a major role in player recovery; however the specific characteristics of match play that predict\npost-match muscle damage remains unclear. We examined the relationships between a marker of muscle damage\nand performance characteristics associated with physical contacts and high-speed movement in professional rugby\nunion players.\nMethods: Twenty-eight professional rugby union players (15 forwards, 13 backs) participated in this study. Data\nwere obtained from 4 European Cup games, with blood samples collected 2 h pre, and 16 and 40 h post-match,\nand were subsequently analysed for creatine kinase (CK). Relationships between changes in CK concentrations and\nnumber of physical contacts and high-speed running markers, derived from performance analysis and global\npositioning system (GPS) data, were assessed.\nResults: Moderate and moderate-large effect-size correlations were identified between contact statistics from\nperformance analysis and changes in CK at 16 and 40 h post-match in forwards and backs, respectively (e.g. backs;\ntotal impacts vs. ?CK (r = 0.638, p < 0.01) and ?% CK (r = 0.454, p < 0.05) 40 h post-match). Furthermore, moderate\neffect-size correlations were found between measures of high-speed running and sprinting, and changes in CK at\n16 and 40 h post-match within the backs (e.g. high-speed running distance vs. ?CK (r = 0.434, p = 0.056) and ?% CK\n(r = 0.437, p = 0.054) 40 hrs post-match).\nConclusions: Our data demonstrate that muscle damage induced by professional rugby union match play is to\nsome extent predicted by the number of physical contacts induced during performance. Furthermore, we show\nfor the first time that muscle damage in backs players is predicted by high-speed running measures derived from\nGPS. These data increase the understanding of the causes of muscle damage in rugby union; performance markers\ncould potentially be used to tailor individual recovery strategies and subsequent training following rugby union\ncompetition....
Chronological aging is associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density, an increase in fat mass,\nfrequency of falls and fractures, and the likelihood of obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Resistance exercise has been\nshown to counter all of these effects of aging and, in turn, reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. However, variables such as volume\nand frequency have become contentious issues, with recent publications suggesting that similar physiological adaptations are\npossible with both high- and low-volume approaches. The aim of this research was to consider strength increases as a result of\nbrief, infrequent resistance exercise. The present study offers data from 33 (14 male and 19 female) older adults (M = 55 years)\nwho underwent brief (<15 minutes per exercise session), infrequent (2Ã?â??/week), resistance exercise to a high intensity of effort (6-\nrepetition maximum) at a controlled repetition duration (10 seconds concentric : 10 seconds eccentric) on 5 resistance machines\n(chest press, leg press, pull-down, seated row, and overhead press). Data is presented for training interventions of 12 weeks (male)\nand 19 weeks (female). Significant strength increases were identified for all exercises.With the detailed health benefits obtainable,\nthe present study suggests that resistance exercise can be efficacious in much smaller volumes than previously considered....
Purpose. In this study, the early and midtermclinical and radiological results of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction\nsurgery with or without the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) focusing on the tunnel-widening phenomenon are evaluated. Methods.\nThis is a double blind, prospective randomized study. 51 patients have completed the assigned protocol. Recruited individuals were\ndivided into two groups: a group with and a group without the use of PRPs. Patients were assessed on the basis of MRI scans, which\nwere performed early postoperatively and repeated at least one-year postoperatively.The diameter was measured at the entrance,\nat the bottom, and at the mid distance of the femoral tunnel. Results. Our study confirmed the existence of tunnel widening as\na phenomenon. The morphology of the dilated tunnels was conical in both groups. There was a statistical significant difference\nin the mid distance of the tunnels between the two groups. This finding may support the role of a biologic response secondary\nto mechanical triggers. Conclusions.The use of RPRs in ACL reconstruction surgery remains a safe option that could potentially\neliminate the biologic triggers of tunnel enlargement. The role of mechanical factors, however, remains important....
Background: Recent studies found that the athleteâ��s age of the best ultra-marathon performance was higher than the\nathleteâ��s age of the best marathon performance and it seemed that the athleteâ��s age of peak ultra-marathon\nperformance increased in distance-limited races with rising distance.\nMethods: We investigated the athleteâ��s age of peak ultra-marathon performance in the fastest finishers in time-limited\nultra-marathons from 6 hrs to 10 d. Running performance and athleteâ��s age of the fastest women and men competing\nin 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 144 hrs (6 d) and 240 hrs (10 d) were analysed for races held between 1975 and\n2012 using analysis of variance and multi-level regression analysis.\nResults: The athleteâ��s ages of the ten fastest women ever in 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs, 6 d and 10 d were 41 �±\n9, 41 �± 6, 42 �± 5, 46 �± 5, 44 �± 6, 42 �± 4, and 37 �± 4 yrs, respectively. The athleteâ��s age of the ten fastest women was\ndifferent between 48 hrs and 10 d. For men, the athleteâ��s ages were 35 �± 6, 37 �± 9, 39 �± 8, 44 �± 7, 48 �± 3, 48 �± 8 and\n48 �± 6 yrs, respectively. The athleteâ��s age of the ten fastest men in 6 hrs and 12 hrs was lower than the athleteâ��s age of\nthe ten fastest men in 72 hrs, 6 d and 10 d, respectively.\nConclusion: The athleteâ��s age of peak ultra-marathon performance did not increase with rising race duration in the\nbest ultra-marathoners. For the fastest women ever in time-limited races, the athleteâ��s age was lowest in 10 d (~37 yrs)\nand highest in 48 hrs (~46 yrs). For men, the athleteâ��s age of the fastest ever in 6 hrs (~35 yrs) and 12 hrs (~37 yrs) was\nlower than the athleteâ��s age of the ten fastest in 72 hrs (~48 yrs), 6 d (~48 yrs) and 10 d (~48 yrs). The differences in the\nathleteâ��s age of peak performance between female and male ultra-marathoners for the different race durations need\nfurther investigations....
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